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Coral Reefs - Family
| Family Name | : | Acroporidae |
| Originator | : | Verril, 1902 |
| Characters | : | Colonial, hermatypic, mostly extant,. Colonies have all growth forms known for hermatypic corals. Corallites (except Astreopora) are small with septa in to cycles or less, collumellae are poorly developed |
| Earliest Fossils | : | Cretaceous |
| Related Family | : | Pocilloporidae and Astrocoenii |
| The Genera | : | The Acropridae is composed of four extant hermatypic genera, Montipora, Anacropora, Acropora and Astreopora, all of which occur around Australia. |
| Family Name | : | Agariciidae |
| Originator | : | Gray, 1847 |
| Characters | : | Colonial (except for some fossil genera), hermatypic. Colonies are massive, laminar or foliaceous. Corallites are immersed with poorly defined walls formed by thickening of the speto-costae. Septa seldom fuse and are continuous between adjacent corallite centres. They have smooth or finely serrated margins and are closely packed. |
| Earliest Fossils | : | Cretaceous |
| Related Family | : | Siderasstreidae |
| The Genera | : | The Agariciidae includes six extant hermatypic genera: Pavona, Leptoseris, Gardineroseris, Coeloseris, and Pachyseris, which are Australian, as well as Agaracia from the West Indies. The distinction between Pavona and Leptoseris may be uncertain with some species, the reminder are well defined. |
| Family Name | : | Caryophylliidae |
| Originator | : | Gray, 1847 |
| Characters | : | This large family usually devided into six subfamilies, only one of which is hermatypic. The latter have phaceloid, meandroid or flabello-meandroid colonies with large, unperforated and widely spaced septa with little or no ornamentations. Corallites walls are similar structure. The ahermatypic subfamilies are solitary or form phaceloid or dendroid colonies, usually with large-lobed septa and paliform lobes. All Caryophyllidae have a membraneous ephiteca. |
| Earliest Fossils | : | Jurassic |
| Related Family | : | Flabellidae |
| The Genera | : | Hermatypes: of the eight extant genera five are Australian and include Euphyllia, Catalaphyllia, Plerogyra, Physogyra and Montigyra. Of the remainder, Nemenzophyllia is from the Philippines, Gyrosmi.lia is restricted to the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, and Eusmilia occurs in the West Indies. Ahermatypes: 23 genera have been recorded from eastern and southern Australia. Most occur in deep water where little or no light penetrates, but some occur in reefal areas, usually in caves or under rocks. Except for Heterocyathus, they are all poorly known and seldom encountered. Heterocyathus is partly hermatypic and is structurally equivalent to Heteropsammia. |
| Family Name | : | Dendrophylliidae |
| Originator | : | Gray, 1847 |
| Characters | : | Solitary or colonial, mostly ahermatypic. Corallite walls are porous, usually composed of coenosteum. Septa are fused in a distinctive pattern (Pourtales Plan), at least in immature corallites |
| Earliest Fossils | : | Cretaceous |
| Related Family | : | None |
| The Genera | : | Hermatypes: the family contains only theree hermatypic genera which are all Australian. Superficially they are completely different; Turbinaria forms large colonies with a primarly laminar growth form, and is very common and widespread with many species; duncanopsammia froms dendroid colonies, and is rare with one species; Heteropsammia is small, free-living and usually solitary. Ahermatypes: seven genera have been recorded from Australia. These are mostly from deep water but include the three most prominent ahermatypic genera from reef waters, Dendrophyllia, Tubastrea, and Balanophyllia. |
| Family Name | : | Mussidae |
| Originator | : | Ortmann, 1890 |
| Characters | : | All genera are hermatypic, solitary or colonial extant or fossil. Skeletal structure are solid. Corallites and valleys are large. Septa have large teeth or lobes. Columella and walls are thick and well developed |
| Earliest Fossils | : | ? Eocene |
| Related Family | : | Pectiniidae |
| The Genera | : | All Indo-Pacific genera (Blastomussa, Cynarina, Scolymia, Australomussa, Acanthastrea, Lobophyllia and Symphyllia) occur in Australia. All are restricted to the Indo-Pacific except Scolymia which also occurs in the west Indies and Brazil. There are five more mussid genera resticted to the Atlantic; Mussa, Osophyllia, Isophyllastrea and Mycetophyllia from West Indies and Mussismillia from Brazil. |
| Family Name | : | Oculinidae |
| Originator | : | Gray, 1847 |
| Characters | : | Colonial, hermatypic and ahermatypic, extant and fossil. Corallites are thickened and linked by smooth coenosteum. Septa are very exsert. |
| Earliest Fossils | : | Creatceous |
| Related Family | : | Rhizangiidae |
| The Genera | : | The Oculinidae are ahermatypic except fro two Australian genera Galaxea and Archelia, which are readily distinguished by their different growth forms-the former being massive, encrusting, columnar or irregular; the latter being arborescent or bushy |
| Family Name | : | Pectiniidae |
| Originator | : | Vaughan & Wells, 1943 |
| Characters | : | There is one solitary fossil genus, the remainder are colonial and hermatypic. Colonies are basically laminar, composed of thin plates. Corallite walls are absent or formed by the non-porous costate soenosteum of the laminae |
| Earliest Fossils | : | Oligocene |
| Related Family | : | Mussidae |
| The Genera | : | The Pectiniidae is a small distinct family with only five extant genera, all hermatypic, comprised of Physophyllia and the four Australian genera, Echinophyllia, Oxypora, Mycedium, and Pectinia |
| Family Name | : | Pocilloporidae |
| Originator | : | Gray, 1842 |
| Characters | : | Colonial and mostly hermatypic. Colonies are submassive, ramose or arborescent. Corallites are immersed to conical, small, have well-developed columellae and nearly arranged septa of two cycles or less, some usually fused with the columella. The coenosteum is covered with spinules |
| Earliest Fossils | : | Cretaceous |
| Related Family | : | Astrocoeniidae and Acroporidae |
| The Genera | : | Pocillopora, Seritopora, Stylophora, Palaustrea, and Madracis |
| Family Name | : | Siderastreidae |
| Originator | : | Vaughan & Wells, 1943 |
| Characters | : | Colonial (except for some fossil genera), hermatypic, mostly extant. Corallites are immersed with poorly defined walls formed by thickening of the septo-costae. Septa are usually fused along their inner margins to form fan-like groups, they have granulated upper margins andare closely compacted and equally spaced |
| Earliest Fossils | : | Cretaceous |
| Related Family | : | Agariciidae |
| The Genera | : | The Siderastrea includes six extant hermatypic genera, Pseudosiderastrea, Psammocora and Coscinaraea (Australian), Siderastrea (Atlantic, Indian Ocean, The Red Sea), Anomastrea and Horastrea (Western Indian Ocean) |
| Family Name | : | Trachyphylliidae |
| Originator | : | Verril, 1901 |
| Characters | : | Solitary to colonial, hermatypic. The family is separated from Faviidae by growth form and by the presence of large paliform lobes and fine teeth on the septa |
| Earliest Fossils | : | Unknown |
| Related Family | : | Very close to Faviidae |
| The Genera | : | The family contains only two genera, Trachyphyllia and Wellsophyllia, both from Australia, although the latter is presently known in Australia only from museum specimens. |