Source: SEAMEO BIOTROP's Research Grant | 2017
Abstract:
The case of insect pest insect
resistance to phosphine has been widely developed in Indonesia. The use
of essential oil-based fumigant as an alternative fumigant in controlling the
insect pests resistant strain to phosphine has excellent potential to be developed.
This study aims to: (1) collecting stored-product insect
samples that suspected
resistant to phosphine from food and feed storages in Bali, South Sulawesi
and West Nusa Tenggara
provinces to complete our database of phosphine
resistant strains that we developed since 2011, (2) fractionating and testing
effective essential oils from our previous studies: fennel and ginger oils
against stored-product insects, (3) getting information about
active compound of cardamom oils
n-hexane fraction and
cinnamon oils ethyl acetate
fraction, (4)
development simple fumigant formulation of clove, cardamom, and cinnamon
oil. The results showed that 9 of 13 samples of Tribolium castaneum were resistant to
phosphine. In addition, all samples of Rhyzopertha
dominica and Cryptolestes sp.
tested were also resistant to phosphine, whereas resistance cases were not
found in all samples of Sitophilus
sp. A simple fractionation of crude essential oil does not always have a
positive effect on the effectiveness of essential oils in controlling T. castaneum. The most effective fumigant tablets containing fractionated essential oils
in causing mortality on T. castaneum was
the tablets contain a mixture of hexane fraction of cardamom oil with naphthalene
and a mixture of hexane fraction of mint with naphthalene (1:1) with 7 day
exposure time. Fumigant gel showing the highest reppelance level was
hexane fraction of cardamom that contain 2 ml of essential oil in 30 g gel with
the level of reppelance around 65%.