Source: SEAMEO BIOTROP's Research Grant | 2021
Abstract:
The 2015 Paris
Agreement/COP21 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) mandates the
global community to commit to keeping the global
average temperature rise below 2°C and working towards limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C in the world. This would significantly reduce the risks and impacts
of climate change. For this reason, each country is
fostered to implement low greenhouse gas emission
development or – in other words – countries must reduce emissions in their development. Indonesia made a commitment to reduce emissions
by 29 percent independently and 41 percent
with international support.
Indonesia's latest NDC document
was submitted by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry on 21 July 2021. The document states that most of the
emission reductions are expected to come from the forestry and land use sector by 2030, amounting to 24.5 percent.
This produces about
692 metric tons (692,000
tons) of carbon dioxide equivalent. Indonesia's NDC will contribute to achieving the Convention's objectives
by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing climate
resilience, which will lead to long-term economic
development. Indonesia's NDC
commitment needs to be supported by various sectors, both upstream and downstream, including the utilisation
of timber forest products. However, until now
there is no data and information on how big the contribution of the
subsector of forest product
utilisation to reducing GHG emissions, even though it is known that carbon is stored in wood.
The amount of
carbon stored in wood used as a building material in Indonesia was assessed in this study. Purposive sampling
was used for the study's selected locations,
which were cities with rapid
housing development around
Jakarta's capital city. They are the Bekasi
District, East Jakarta City,
Depok City, and Bogor District..
The findings revealed that
the wood species used as building materials for houses varied. The value of stored carbon in houses
varies according to wood species. If a house is currently built with wood components only on door frames and
doors, as well as window frames,
shutters, and vents (roster), then calculations based on the standard EN 16449: 2014-06
yield a stored carbon of 450 – 680 kg, or an average of 554.50 kg in each housing unit. Meanwhile, according to EDX/S
carbon analysis, between 130 and 430 kg, or an
average of 400.42. If the backlog is 7.6 million housing units, and the
demand rate is 800 thousand housing
units, and the proportion of wood used is as in the three cities/districts sampled, then there is 4.2 million tons
of carbon stored. This figure indicates that if the Indonesian backlog is built without the use of wood materials,
there is a potential for carbon
emissions of that magnitude (4.2 million tons). If the demand of house of
800,000 units per year were built and the door and window frame components were made of wood, then the
housing construction sector stores 0.44
million tons of carbon per year.
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