Source: SEAMEO BIOTROP's Research Grant | 2019
Abstract:
Infection
of toxigenic A. flavus in agricultural commodities may result in
production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin which is genotoxic carcinogenic
for humans and animals. The aims of this study were to screen toxigenic A. flavus
strains and to determine AFB1 content of six agricultural commodities in
Indonesia. A total of 50 A. flavus strains were obtained from Phytopathology
Laboratory, SEAMEO BIOTROP. The strains were isolated from nutmeg, corn, cacao,
white pepper, coffee bean, ground peanut and soil peanut farm. The toxigenicity
of A. flavus were determined by growth simulation on agar medium (10%
coconut agar medium) followed by observation of their fluorescence using 365 nm
UV light. AFB and AFG toxin produced
were quantified using HPLC. The results showed that 16% (8 strains) A. flavus
were toxigenic, which derived from nutmeg (4 strains), ground peanut (2
strains), cacao (1 strain), and soil peanut field (1 strain). Five toxigenic
strains produced AFB1 exceeding the Indonesian-regulatory maximum level (15
ug/kg). A. flavus from soil peanut field (BIO 3352) produced the highest AFB1
content (90.94 ug/kg), while the other from ground peanut (BIO 3313 and BIO
3338), nutmeg (BIO 33212), and cacao (BIO 33404) had AFB1 content of 70.26,
40.27, 84.24, and 69.06 ug/kg respectively. The producing aflatoxin capability
of these strains can be potentially hazard if contaminated in agricultural
commodities.